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Flugabwehrkanonpanzer Gepard ("Anti-aircraft tank 'Cheetah'", also known as Flugabwehrkanonpanzer Gepard) is a German all-weather self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG).
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It was developed in the 1960s, launched in the 1970s and improved several times with the latest electronics. It is the cornerstone of the air defense of the German army (Bundeswehr) and many NATO countries.
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In Germany, the Gepard was retired in late 2010 and replaced by the Wiesel 2 Ozelot Leichtes Flugabwehrsystem (LeFlaSys) with four FIM-92 Stinger or LFK NG missile launchers. A variant with a MANTIS gun system based on GTK Boxer and LFK NG missiles was also considered.
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Including a complete powertrain consisting of a 37.4-liter 10-cylinder multi-fuel engine (model: MB 838 CaM 500) with two mechanical turbochargers developed by MTU Aero Engines. The V-Zine with a cylinder angle of 90 degrees produces 610 kW at 2200 rpm (830 ps) and consumes around 150 liters per 100 kilometers. To ensure a constant supply of oil in rough terrain and under strong turns, the gin dry sump is equipped with forced lubrication. E gearbox (Type: 4 HP-250) ZF Friedrichshaf and an exhaust system with a new air mixture to reduce the infrared characteristic of the Leopard 1 main battle tank.
The Gepard is equipped with a Daimler-Bz (model: OM 314) 4-cylinder diesel auxiliary power system. This gene is on the front left side of the vehicle, where the Leopard 1 missile is located. Displacing 3.8 liters, this gen is designed as a multi-fuel and produces 66 kW (90 ps). It consumes 10 to 20 liters per hour depending on the usage status of the tank.
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The sub is connected to five generators to operate at different speeds: two Metadin engines to power the vertical and transverse drive with flywheel (used to store energy during acceleration and deceleration in the turret) two 380 Hz three-phase generators with a capacity of 20 kVA for ventilation , fire protection system and radar system and electrical 300 A 28 volt direct cheese supply for the system. The fuel capacity is 985 litres, which ensures a combined operating time of around 48 hours.
The chassis and track are taken straight from the Cheetah 1. It has torsion bar spring mounted road wheels with a Chev road wheel on one side. They are connected to pivot rods in the swingarms, whose deflection is limited by coil springs. It is driven by drive wheels located at the rear.
Rubber springs were modified for better stability during shooting. This track is manufactured by Diehl, equipped with rubber track pads and a "straight" track with rubber runners between track links and pins (type: D 640 A). Cruisers/IceGlades can replace rubber pads on some track joints to increase traction on slippery surfaces.
Only minor changes were made to the bodywork, such as changing the distance (8 cm increased distance between the third and fourth wheels) and replacing the extra batteries in the rear battery compartments. The batteries and electrical system run on 24 volt DC.
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The electric turret is powered by a 40 kW generator drive powered by a 4-cylinder, 3.8 liter Mercedes-Benz OM 314 multi-fuel engine, located at the front of the hull on the left side of the driver. It also powers radar and fire detection systems.
The Gepard has two radar dishes: a Geral search radar at the rear of the turret and a homing radar between the guns. Some surveillance radars are equipped with a laser range finder.
Guns 90 caliber (3.15 m (10 ft 4 in)) long, muzzle velocity 1,440 m/s (4,700 ft/s) (FAPDS (Frangible Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot) rounds), effective range 5.5 km (3.4 miles) ). Ammunition 35×228 mm caliber (STANAG 4516).
The KTA auto revolver has a dual belt for two different types of ammunition; A typical load per gun is 320 AA rounds from inside the turret and 20 AP rounds fed from a small external magazine.
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The rate of fire of each gun is 550 rounds per minute. Combined rate of fire is 1,100 rounds/min, which – in unlimited mode – provides 35 seconds of continuous fire time before running out of ammunition (with 640 AA rounds for both guns). Bombing against aircraft targets is standard, with 24 rounds per gun for a total of 48 in limited mode and 48 rounds per gun for a total of 96 in normal mode. 40 armor shots are usually fired alternately with guns; They are taken to defend against lightly armored targets on the ground.
The Gepard has been in production since 1963. In 1969, construction began on four A prototypes to test the 30 and 35 mm guns. In June 1970, it was decided to use a 35 mm model. In 1971, twelve other Phase B prototypes were ordered. In 1971 the Dutch Army ordered a CA pre-series of five vehicles based on parallel development with the West German 0-series Leopard 1 vehicle which had been available as a C-prototype in March 1970.
The Germans formed small front lines of both B1 and B2R. In February 1973, the political decision was made to produce the type. In September 1973, a contract was signed with Krauss-Maffei for 432 B2 turrets and 420 fuselages for a total value of DM 1,200,000,000. Each vehicle costs three times the price of a standard Leopard 1. Delivered in December 1976. Belgium ordered 55 vehicles identical to the German version. The Netherlands ordered 95 vehicles, divided into three blocks (CA1, CA2 and CA3), equipped with Philips radar systems.
Since the 1980s, Redeye and later Stinger MANPADS teams have utilized their long-range scanning capabilities with Gepard units. To incorporate this capability into a single unit, the missile system was improved to mount the Stingers in a two-pack on the automatic cannons. The system was tested by the German Bundeswehr but not purchased due to budget constraints. Instead, the Ozelot light air defense system (LeFlaSys) was deployed for the three air forces.
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Tests showed the Gepard could not fire Norwegian munitions, but a series of tests of improved munitions were planned for August 2022.
According to information from the Ukrainian military, about 50,000 Norwegian shipments for Gepard had arrived on September 26, 2022.
German newspaper Bild of Gebard in pictures with Ukrainian crew e.g. High Explosive (HEI) rounds (here yellow with a red stripe) manufactured by Norwegian Nammo.
According to Ukrainian defense contacts in the US, the Gepard was used to "significant effect" against a "relatively crude" missile believed to be Iran's Shahed-136.
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The collision investigation team believes Gebhardt may have destroyed a Russian Kh-101 cruise missile when it targeted the Kiev power plant on October 18, 2022.
Such systems are more efficient and cost-effective than more advanced and transparent air defense systems such as NASAMS or IRIS-T missiles, while being politically less effective due to their limited effective range.
The Royal United Services Institute wrote: "Generally, gun systems are preferred over missiles where possible due to lower cost per projectile and greater availability of ammunition compared to SAMs and MANPADS".
On December 2, Germany retrieved seven more Gepard tanks from the "scrap pile" and transferred the ST to Ukraine, bringing the total units to 37. They will arrive in spring 2023. Ammunition is hard to come by, as Switzerland claims. It refused to surrender its neutrality to the rest, forcing Germany to rely on other sources for ammunition.
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Gepards in Ukraine were very effective against Shahed-136 drones; The radar can detect them at a distance of 16 km and it takes about 6 rounds to shoot them. One of the Gepards took down 10 drones in one measurement.
Gepard can only use 6-10 shots to destroy Shahheads, and the same number to destroy cruise missiles.
Rushi, a London-based security and defense think tank, noted that Gyphards are particularly effective against drones using their aerial burst rounds. This article requires additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsubstantiated content may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon" – News · Newspapers · Books · Scholar · JSTOR (November 2007 ) (How and
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